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| Education in Argentina | |||||||||||||||||
| National Flag of Argentina |
In Argentina until 1816, the Catholic Church was in charge of education and consisted mainly of catechistic schools at the primary through tertiary levels. Schools that continued under Catholic direction until the 1880's, then anticlericalists banned religious education in public schools. All children ages six through twelve received a free education, which was established in 1884 under national law 1420, later the republic of Argentina extended free education to adults. Under the constitution all students including aliens have the right to an education. The country has achieved a high level of integration because it accepts students of any race, creed, or national origin. Provincial legislators under the constitution are in charge of public education. The president and his cabinet decide the numbers, kinds, and locations of schools. The Secretary of State for Culture and Education reports to the president with pertinent information pertaining to fiscal and administrative matters concerning the secretariat, programs of study and curricula, personnel policies, certification of teachers and administrators, admissions to public schools, and promotions within grades. The national budget provides funding for all federal public schools. In addition, primary schools receive additional monies from interest on bonds and permanent school funds, donations, proceeds from fines, revenues from sales of public land, and building from sight rental sales. " The national budget for education in 1965 was 106.65 billion pesos (U.S. $565.3 million), approximately 15 percent of the total government budget, and was exceeded only by the defense budget. Approximately 20 percent of the total population of Argentina are enrolled in school. More than 72 percent of the students are in primary schools." | ||||||||||||||||
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BASIC DATA (1985) Official Name: Argentine Republic Population: 30.1 million Language of Instruction: Spanish Literacy Rate: 94% Academic Year: March through November Number of Primary Schools: 20,201 (1982) Duration of Schooling: 7+3+2 Compulsory Schooling: 7 years (ages 6-14) Public Expenditure on Education: 10.18 trillion pesos (1980) Foreign Students in Country: 7,882 (1980) Students Abroad: U.S. 1,071; France 681; Spain 399 Production of School Textbooks: Titles 466; Copies 4,259,000 (1982) PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION Educational Enrollment (1982) ---------------------4,197,372 Educational Enrollment Rate (%) (1981) ---------119% Teachers -------------------------------------------------206,535 (1982) Teacher-Pupil Ratio -----------------------------------1:20 Female Enrollment Rate (%) ------------------------49% SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION Educational Enrollment (1982) ---------------------1,366,444 (1981) Educational Enrollment Rate (%) (1981) ---------59% Teachers -------------------------------------------------178,681 (1979) Teacher-Pupil Ratio -----------------------------------1:8 Female Enrollment Rate (%) ------------------------53% TERTIARY SCHOOL (HIGHER) EDUCATION Educational Enrollment (1982) ---------------------550,556 Educational Enrollment Rate (%) (1981) ---------23.6% Teachers -------------------------------------------------53,166 Teacher-Pupil Ratio -----------------------------------1:10 Female Enrollment Rate (%) ------------------------53% | |||||||||||||||||
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PRIMARY SCHOOLS There are three laws governing primary education in Argentina. The first being, law 1420 passes on July 8th, 1884 which set the standards for elementary education. Under this law the National Council of Education was established to administer primary education throughout the nation. The second law 2737, which is the National Subsidy Law, was set forth in 1890. In order to provide funding for the allocation for buildings, teacher salaries, books, and supplies. Law 4874, the Lainez Law provides educational opportunities that live in rural areas. "The subjects which students study are arithmetic, geometry, geography, Spanish, History, Natural History, civil defense, thrift and budgeting, music, drawing, home economics, and courtesy, the primary school students are introduced to general concepts which include historical events and local, national, and international significance; inhabitants of the biological world; the human organism; written and spoken language; music and the visual arts; ethical, courteous, and social human relationships; and governmental institutions. Teaching methods for these subjects follow the usual procedures of induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, interrogation, and demonstration." A diploma titled, certificado de terminacion de estudios primarios is given upon completion of primary school, students would then be able to enter secondary academic, commercial trade, normal, or arts schools. The students attend school during different time periods in the north and in the south in order to furnish facilities for all children. The buildings are used for three daily sessions (turnos) which are each staffed with a separate principle and staff. Students attend school five days out of the week and in the north the schools are open from March 11 to November 30 and in the south from October 1 to March 31. | |||||||||||||||||
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